lightmeter/lightmeter.ino

//STM32F103C,  64k flash
//upload method: serial (A9 to RX, A10 to TX)
//To upload set Boot0 jumper to 1 (the one further away from reset btn) and press reset (stm will boot from flash wich contains uart to flash uploader)
//upload via arduino IDE
//To boot program after restart set Boot0 jumper to 0

//Letters 5x7 at Size 1

#include <math.h> 
//#include <SPI.h>
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>
#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h> // http://www.instructables.com/id/Monochrome-096-i2c-OLED-display-with-arduino-SSD13/
//128 x 64 px
#define WIDTH 128
#define HEIGHT 64
#include <EEPROM.h>

#include <BH1750.h>   //from: https://github.com/mysensors/MySensorsArduinoExamples/tree/master/libraries/BH1750
BH1750 lightMeter;
#define INCIDENT_CORRECTION_FACTOR 1.17
//with    1125    25    225   2465  120
//wihtout 1335    32    265   2865  145
/*1,186666667
1,28
1,177777778
1,162271805
1,208333333*/



#define PIN_LDR 0 //A0
#define PIN_BRIGHTMODE 1 //A1
#define PIN_VBAT 2 //A2
#define PIN_LED 8 //White status led A8  

#define PIN_TRIGGER PB8
#define PIN_BTNLEFT PA15
#define PIN_BTNCENTER PB4
#define PIN_BTNRIGHT PB5

#define PIN_ON PB9 //pin for hardware latch
#define TIME_AUTOPOWEROFF 120000
#define TIME_METERINGMODESELECTION_CLOSE 60000
#define TIME_METERINGMODESELECTION_SHUTDOWN_SHORTCUT 500
#define LDRDELAY 100 //delay between ldr switches. New analog_high or low reading after that time. Transistor for lower value pulldown resistor switches in between
#define LDRFILTERDELAY 1 //delay in ms between readings sequent readings for smoothing  . LDRFILTERDELAY*64 > LDRDELAY
#define LDRSWITCHDELAY 30 //time to wait after transistor switched
#define INCIDENTDELAY 100 //minimum delay between incident sensor (BH1750) readings
#define DEBOUNCETIME 20 //time to not check for inputs after key press
#define BUTTONTIMEHOLD 750 //time for button hold
#define BUTTONTIMEHOLDLONG 3000 //time for button long hold

#define VOLTAGE_WARN 3.4 //voltage per cell   //TODO implement warning

//float shuttertimes1[]={1,1.0/2, 1.0/4, 1.0/8, 1.0/15, 1.0/30, 1.0/60, 1.0/125, 1.0/250, 1.0/500, 1.0/1000, 1.0/2000, 1.0/4000, 1.0/8000};
float shuttertimes1[]={64,32,16,8,4,2,1,1.0/2, 1.0/4, 1.0/8, 1.0/15, 1.0/30, 1.0/60, 1.0/125, 1.0/250, 1.0/500, 1.0/1000, 1.0/2000, 1.0/4000, 1.0/8000};
#define SHUTTERTIMES1_MAXINDEX 19
float shuttertimes2[]={30,25,20,15,13,10,8,6,5,4,3.2,2.5,2,1.6,1.3,1,0.8,0.6,0.5,0.4,0.3,1.0/4,1.0/5,1.0/6,1.0/8,1.0/10,1.0/13,1.0/15,1.0/20,1.0/25,1.0/30,1.0/40,1.0/50,1.0/60,1.0/80,1.0/100,1.0/125,1.0/160,1.0/200,1.0/250,1.0/320,1.0/400,1.0/500,1.0/640,1.0/800,1.0/1000,1.0/1250,1.0/1600,1.0/2000,1.0/2500,1.0/3200,1.0/4000};
#define SHUTTERTIMES2_MAXINDEX 51
float shuttertimes3[]={3600,2400,1800,1200,900,600,420,300,210,150,100,60,45,30,20,16,10,8,6,4,3,2,1.5,1,0.5,0.25,0.125,1.0/16};
#define SHUTTERTIMES3_MAXINDEX 27
String settingsnameShutterSelectionMode[]={"Analog","Digital","Pinhole"}; //names for tables
#define MAXIMUM_SHUTTERSELECTIONMODES 3

//Aperature numbers https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-number
float aperaturesFull[]={1,1.4, 2, 2.8, 4, 5.6, 8, 11, 16, 22, 32,45};
#define APERATURESFULL_MAXINDEX 11
float aperaturesHalf[]={1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.7, 2, 2.4, 2.8, 3.4, 4, 4.8, 5.6, 6.7, 8, 9.5, 11, 13, 16, 19, 22, 27 ,32, 38, 45};
#define APERATURESHALF_MAXINDEX 22
float aperaturesThird[]={1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2, 2.2, 2.5, 2.8, 3.2, 3.5, 4, 4.5, 5.0, 5.6, 6.3, 7.1, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 29, 32, 36, 40, 45};
#define APERATURESTHIRD_MAXINDEX 33
String settingsnameAperatureSelectionMode[]={"Full","Half","Third"}; //names for tables
#define MAXIMUM_APERATURESELECTIONMODES 3

float isoFull[]={0.78,1.56,3.13,6.25,12.5,25,50,100,200,400,800,1600,3200,6400,12500,25600};
uint8_t isoFullDIN[]={0,3, 6,   9,    12, 15,18,21 ,24 ,27 ,30 ,33  ,36  ,39  ,42   ,45};
float isoThird[]={0.78,0.98,1.24,1.56,1.97,2.48,3.13,3.93,4.96,6.25,7.87,9.92,12.5,16,20,25,32,40,50,64,80,100,125,160,200,250,320,400,500,640,800,1000,1250,1600,2000,2500,3200,4000,5000,6400,8000,10000,12500,16000,20000,25600};
uint8_t isoThirdDIN[]={0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,                                21, 22 ,23 ,24 ,25 ,26 ,27 ,28 ,29 ,30 ,31  ,32  ,33  ,34  ,35  ,36  ,37  ,38  ,39  ,40  ,41   ,42   ,43   ,44   ,56};



long loopmillis=0; //only use one millis reading each loop
long last_ldrReading=0;
long last_ldrReadingFilter=0;
long last_incidentReading=0;
long millis_lastchange=0;
long millis_lastinput=0;
long millis_ledoff=0; //for led blink
long millis_opened_meteringmodeselection=0; //time when meteringmodeselecten was opened (for led flashlight timing)
#define DELAY_METERINGMODESELECTION_FLASHLIGHT 2000


long timebuttonpressed_trigger;
long timebuttonpressed_left;
long timebuttonpressed_center;
long timebuttonpressed_right;

//Short press (true when button short pressed, on release)
boolean button_trigger=false;
boolean button_left=false;
boolean button_center=false;
boolean button_right=false;

//long press (true when button is held down for BUTTONTIMEHOLD, on time elapsed)
boolean button_hold_trigger=false;
boolean button_hold_left=false;
boolean button_hold_center=false;
boolean button_hold_right=false;

//even longer press
boolean button_hold_long_trigger=false;
long timebuttonpressed_trigger_long=0;

float vbat=100;

struct Settings {
  uint8_t minimumAperatureIndex; //see corresponding aperatures table
  uint8_t aperatureSelectionMode; //1=Full, 2=Half, 3=Third
  uint8_t shutterSelectionMode; //index for which shuttertimes table to use
  uint8_t ISOSelectionMode; //1=Full, 2=Thirds
  uint8_t manualev_moveamount_frac; // 1=1ev, 2=1/2ev, 3=1/3 ev
};
#define MAXIMUM_MANUAL_EV_MOVEAMOUNT_FRAC 3

bool settingsStructEqual(Settings a, Settings b){
  if (a.minimumAperatureIndex!=b.minimumAperatureIndex || a.aperatureSelectionMode!=b.aperatureSelectionMode || a.shutterSelectionMode!=b.shutterSelectionMode || a.ISOSelectionMode!=b.ISOSelectionMode){
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

Settings userSettings= {1,1, 1,2,1};
Settings eeprom_userSettings; //to store current eeprom status




#define OLED_RESET 4
Adafruit_SSD1306 display(OLED_RESET);


uint16_t incident=0; //incident reading from bh1750
uint16_t analog_low=0; //better for low light
uint16_t analog_high=0; //better for bright light (higher pulldown resistor for ldr)
uint16_t analog_reading_filtering=0;
uint8_t analog_reading_count=0;
float ev=0; //calculated EV from LDR readings (reflected) or from Luxmeter (incident)

float ev_min=-255,ev_max=-255,ev_last=-255;

float showAperature=0;
float showShutter=0;
bool manualev_mode=false; //manual ev change by left/right

//Usersettings
float setAperature=8; //set to use aperature. 0 for auto
float setShutter=0; //set to use shutter time, 0 for auto
float setISO=100; //set to ISO

float eeprom_setAperature=0; //set to use aperature. 0 for auto
float eeprom_setShutter=0; //set to use shutter time, 0 for auto
uint16_t eeprom_setISO=0; //set to ISO

#define EEPROMADDRESS_APERATURE 0x801F000 //float = 32bit = 4byte
#define EEPROMADDRESS_SHUTTER 0x801F004 //float = 32bit = 4byte
#define EEPROMADDRESS_ISO 0x801F008 //uint16_T 16bit = 2byte
#define EEPROMADDRESS_METERINGMODE 0x801F00A //uint8_t  1byte
#define EEPROMADDRESS_USERSETTINGS 0x801F00B //Settings struct

enum displaymode {
  lightmeter,
  settings,
  meteringmodeselection
};
displaymode displaymode=lightmeter;
uint8_t settings_selectedItem=0; //in settings display
String settingStrings[]={"ISO:","F-Stops:","Timetable:","EV Step:","Turn Off"};
#define SETTINGS_SELECTEDITEM_MAX 4 //inclusive. 2 means 3 items available
boolean settings_itemActive=false; //item in settings selected to change value
#define DISPLAY_UPDATEDELAY 200
long last_displayupdate=0;

#define METERINGMODE_REFLECTIVE 0
#define METERINGMODE_INCIDENT 1
uint8_t meteringmode=METERINGMODE_REFLECTIVE;
uint8_t eeprom_meteringmode=0;

bool eeprom_red=false; //false, if eeprom need to be red


bool debug_printreadings=false;
uint16_t debug_analog_high=0;
uint16_t debug_analog_low=0;


char tempstring[16]; //for dtostrf  //dtostrf(modefactor,1,3,tempstring);

#if (SSD1306_LCDHEIGHT != 64)
#error("Height incorrect, please fix Adafruit_SSD1306.h!");
#endif

//Icons. Exported as .xbm from gimp and renamed to .c
#include "icon_incident.c"
#include "icon_spot.c"

#include "icon_arrow.c"
#include "icon_one_third.c"
#include "icon_one_half.c"
#include "icon_two_third.c"


void setup() {                
  Serial.begin(115200);
  Serial.println("Started");

  Serial.println("Init Display");
  display.begin(SSD1306_SWITCHCAPVCC, 0x3C);
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.display();

  Serial.println("Init BH1750");
  lightMeter.begin(BH1750_CONTINUOUS_HIGH_RES_MODE_2); //max reading=54612
  //set measurement time (for higher resolution) http://www.raspberry-pi-geek.de/Magazin/2015/04/Digital-Light-Sensor-BH1750-am-Raspberry-Pi
  //lightMeter.write8(71); //01000111 //high bit: 01000xxx   bits 7,6,5
  //lightMeter.write8(126); //01111110 //log bit: 011xxxxx   bits 4,3,2,1,0

  pinMode(PIN_LDR, INPUT_ANALOG);
  pinMode(PIN_VBAT, INPUT_ANALOG);
  pinMode(PIN_TRIGGER, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PIN_BTNLEFT, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PIN_BTNCENTER, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PIN_BTNRIGHT, INPUT_PULLUP);
  pinMode(PIN_BRIGHTMODE, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(PIN_BRIGHTMODE, LOW);
  pinMode(PIN_ON, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(PIN_ON, HIGH);
  pinMode(PIN_LED, OUTPUT);
  analogWrite(PIN_LED,255); //blink led on
  delay(50);
  analogWrite(PIN_LED,0); //LED OFF //blink led off
  millis_lastchange=millis();

  
  Serial.println("Initialized");

  if (!digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)){ //hold trigger button during power on  activates serial debug printing
    debug_printreadings=true;
  }

  

  
}



bool saveSettingsToEEPROM(bool force){
  bool _eepromwritten=false;
  //checks and writes changes to eeprom
  if (eeprom_setAperature!=setAperature || force){ //value change or write forced
    EEPROM_writeAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_APERATURE, setAperature);
    _eepromwritten=true;
  }
  if (eeprom_setShutter!=setShutter || force){ //value change or write forced
    EEPROM_writeAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_SHUTTER, setShutter);
    _eepromwritten=true;
  }
  if (eeprom_setISO!=setISO || force){ //value change or write forced
    EEPROM_writeAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_ISO, setISO);
    _eepromwritten=true;
  }
  if (eeprom_meteringmode!=meteringmode || force){ //one of the values change or write forced
    EEPROM_writeAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_METERINGMODE, meteringmode);
    _eepromwritten=true;
  }
  if (!settingsStructEqual(eeprom_userSettings,userSettings) || force){ //one of the values change or write forced
    EEPROM_writeAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_USERSETTINGS, userSettings);
    _eepromwritten=true;
  }

  
  return _eepromwritten;
}


void loop() {
  loopmillis=millis(); //read millis for this cycle

  if (!eeprom_red){ //only executed one time
    eeprom_red=true;
    readEEPROM();
  }
  
  handleInputs();
  
  calculateFromEV();

  updateDisplay();

  checkLED();

}

void readEEPROM(){
  
  if (!digitalRead(PIN_BTNLEFT) && !digitalRead(PIN_BTNCENTER) && !digitalRead(PIN_BTNRIGHT) ){ //push all front buttons (left, center, right) to restore default settings
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,255);
    delay(1000); //1s led on confirmation
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,0); //LED OFF
    saveSettingsToEEPROM(true); //force writing. userSettings contains the default values at this point
    delay(200);
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,255);
    delay(200); //1s led on confirmation
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,0); //LED OFF
    delay(200);
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,255);
    delay(200); //1s led on confirmation
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,0); //LED OFF
    delay(1000);
  }

  //read current eeprom
  EEPROM_readAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_APERATURE, eeprom_setAperature);
  EEPROM_readAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_SHUTTER, eeprom_setShutter);
  EEPROM_readAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_ISO, eeprom_setISO);
  EEPROM_readAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_METERINGMODE, eeprom_meteringmode);
  EEPROM_readAnything(EEPROMADDRESS_USERSETTINGS, eeprom_userSettings); 
  Serial.println("");
  Serial.println("EEPROM eeprom settings");
  Serial.println(eeprom_setAperature);
  Serial.println(eeprom_setShutter);
  Serial.println(eeprom_setISO);
  Serial.println("EEPROM eeprom_userSettings");
  Serial.println(eeprom_userSettings.minimumAperatureIndex);
  Serial.println(eeprom_userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode);
  Serial.println(eeprom_userSettings.shutterSelectionMode);
  Serial.println(eeprom_userSettings.ISOSelectionMode);
  Serial.println("");

  if (eeprom_userSettings.minimumAperatureIndex==255){ //after flashing eeprom contains FF.., check one value
    for (int i=0;i<10;i++){ //blink a few times to show that eeprom was clean
      delay(50);
      analogWrite(PIN_LED,255);
      delay(50); //1s led on confirmation
      analogWrite(PIN_LED,0);
    }
  }else{ //
    //apply
    setAperature=eeprom_setAperature;
    setShutter=eeprom_setShutter;
    setISO=eeprom_setISO;
    meteringmode=eeprom_meteringmode;
    userSettings=eeprom_userSettings; 
  }
  
}
  


void handleInputs()
{
  //Short press (true when button short pressed, on release)
  button_trigger=false;
  button_left=false;
  button_center=false;
  button_right=false;

  //long press (true when button is held down for BUTTONTIMEHOLD, on time elapsed)
  button_hold_trigger=false;
  button_hold_left=false;
  button_hold_center=false;
  button_hold_right=false;

  //even longer press
  button_hold_long_trigger=false;
  

  if (millis()-millis_lastinput>DEBOUNCETIME) //Button debouncing
  {
    //Trigger
    if (timebuttonpressed_trigger == 0 && !digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)){ //first time pressed down. (low when pressed)
      timebuttonpressed_trigger=loopmillis; //set time of button press
      timebuttonpressed_trigger_long=loopmillis; //set time of button press, for long hold timing
    }else if(timebuttonpressed_trigger != 0 && digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)){ //button released (was pressed)
      if (loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_trigger < BUTTONTIMEHOLD){ //short press
        button_trigger=true;
      }
      timebuttonpressed_trigger=0; //re-enable after short press and release from hold
    }else if(loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_trigger >= BUTTONTIMEHOLD && timebuttonpressed_trigger>0){ //held down long enough and not already hold triggered
      button_hold_trigger=true;
      timebuttonpressed_trigger=-1; //-1 as flag for hold triggered
    }

    if (timebuttonpressed_trigger_long>0 && loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_trigger_long >= BUTTONTIMEHOLDLONG  && !digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)) { //button held down even longer, set hold long flag for as long as button is down
      button_hold_long_trigger=true;
    }else if(timebuttonpressed_trigger_long>0 && digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)){ //released 
      timebuttonpressed_trigger_long=0; //reset long hold timing
    }
  
    //Left
    if (timebuttonpressed_left == 0 && !digitalRead(PIN_BTNLEFT)){ //first time pressed down. (low when pressed)
      timebuttonpressed_left=loopmillis; //set time of button press
    }else if(timebuttonpressed_left != 0 && digitalRead(PIN_BTNLEFT)){ //button released (was pressed)
      if (loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_left < BUTTONTIMEHOLD){ //short press
        button_left=true;
      }
      timebuttonpressed_left=0; //re-enable after short press and release from hold
    }else if(loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_left >= BUTTONTIMEHOLD && timebuttonpressed_left>0){ //held down long enough and not already hold triggered
      button_hold_left=true;
      timebuttonpressed_left=-1; //-1 as flag for hold triggered
    }
  
    //Center
    if (timebuttonpressed_center == 0 && !digitalRead(PIN_BTNCENTER)){ //first time pressed down. (low when pressed)
      timebuttonpressed_center=loopmillis; //set time of button press
    }else if(timebuttonpressed_center != 0 && digitalRead(PIN_BTNCENTER)){ //button released (was pressed)
      if (loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_center < BUTTONTIMEHOLD){ //short press
        button_center=true;
      }
      timebuttonpressed_center=0; //re-enable after short press and release from hold
    }else if(loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_center >= BUTTONTIMEHOLD && timebuttonpressed_center>0){ //held down long enough and not already hold triggered
      button_hold_center=true;
      timebuttonpressed_center=-1; //-1 as flag for hold triggered
    }
  
    //Right
    if (timebuttonpressed_right == 0 && !digitalRead(PIN_BTNRIGHT)){ //first time pressed down. (low when pressed)
      timebuttonpressed_right=loopmillis; //set time of button press
    }else if(timebuttonpressed_right != 0 && digitalRead(PIN_BTNRIGHT)){ //button released (was pressed)
      if (loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_right < BUTTONTIMEHOLD){ //short press
        button_right=true;
      }
      timebuttonpressed_right=0; //re-enable after short press and release from hold
    }else if(loopmillis-timebuttonpressed_right >= BUTTONTIMEHOLD && timebuttonpressed_right>0){ //held down long enough and not already hold triggered
      button_hold_right=true;
      timebuttonpressed_right=-1; //-1 as flag for hold triggered
    }
  }

  /*
  if (button_trigger || button_left || button_center || button_right){
  Serial.println("Buttons short:");
  Serial.print(button_trigger);
  Serial.print(button_left);
  Serial.print(button_center);
  Serial.println(button_right);
  }
  if (button_hold_trigger || button_hold_left || button_hold_center || button_hold_right){
  Serial.println("Buttons long:");
  Serial.print(button_hold_trigger);
  Serial.print(button_hold_left);
  Serial.print(button_hold_center);
  Serial.println(button_hold_right);
  }
  */
  
  //Voltage
  float _vbat=map(analogRead(PIN_VBAT), 0,3560,0,8200)/1000.0; //180k and 300k voltage divider. 8,4V -> 3,15V=3910
  if (_vbat<vbat){
    vbat=_vbat; //voltage can only decrease
  }

  //LDR

  if ( loopmillis-last_ldrReadingFilter>LDRFILTERDELAY && loopmillis-last_ldrReading>LDRSWITCHDELAY) //multiple successive reading for filtering. each LDRFILTERDELAY ms and wait LDRSWITCHDELAY for first reading
  {
    analog_reading_filtering+=analogRead(PIN_LDR);
    analog_reading_count++;
    last_ldrReadingFilter=loopmillis;
  }
  
  if ( loopmillis-last_ldrReading>LDRDELAY ) //time over for one reading (low or high)
  {
    if (!digitalRead(PIN_BRIGHTMODE)){
      analog_low=analog_reading_filtering/analog_reading_count;
    }else{
      analog_high=analog_reading_filtering/analog_reading_count;
      if (debug_printreadings){
      Serial.print(analog_low);//for calibration output
      Serial.print(";");
      Serial.println(analog_high);
      }
    }
    /*Serial.print(analog_reading_count);
    Serial.print(" value=");
    Serial.println(analog_reading_filtering);*/
    analog_reading_count=0; //reset
    analog_reading_filtering=0; //reset
    digitalWrite(PIN_BRIGHTMODE, !digitalRead(PIN_BRIGHTMODE)); //switch modes
    last_ldrReading=loopmillis;
  }

  

  //Lightsensor BH1750
  if ( loopmillis-last_incidentReading>INCIDENTDELAY )
  {
    incident = lightMeter.readLightLevel(); //value in lux from sensor
    last_incidentReading=loopmillis;
  }
  

  
  //Test  asdf
  /*
  if ( !digitalRead(PIN_TRIGGER)  ) {
    Serial.println("roundAperature");
    for (float i=0.1;i<30;i+=0.5){
      Serial.print(i);
      Serial.print(" -> ");
      Serial.println(roundAperature(i,1));
    }
    Serial.println("roundShutter");
    for (float i=1.0/8000;i<32;i*=2){
      Serial.print(i,6);
      Serial.print(" -> ");
      Serial.print(roundShutter(i,2),6);
      Serial.print(" -- ");
      Serial.println(reciprocFloat(roundShutter(i,2))); 
    }
    }
    
    

    Serial.println("calculateShutter at iso 100 f2.8");
    for (float i=-2;i<18;i+=0.25){
      Serial.print(i);
      Serial.print(" -> ");
      float test_calcshutter=calculateShutter(i, (uint16_t)100, 2.8);
      //Serial.println(test_calcshutter,6);

      float test_showShutter=roundShutter(test_calcshutter,2);
      Serial.print("rounded Shutter from "); Serial.print(test_calcshutter,6); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.println(test_showShutter,6); //asdf
      if (test_showShutter>0.25) //check shuttertime
      { //show full seconds
        Serial.print("int=");
        Serial.print(int(test_showShutter));
        if (test_showShutter-int(test_showShutter)>0){ //has decimals
          Serial.print(" ,");
          Serial.print((int)round( (test_showShutter-int(test_showShutter))*10)); //show one decimal
        }
        Serial.println("");
      }else{ //show fraction of a second
        Serial.print("frac=  1/");
        int _frac_showShutter = (int) (   (1.0f/( (int)(test_showShutter*1000000) ) )*1000000 );
        Serial.print(  _frac_showShutter );
        Serial.println("");
      }
    }

    Serial.println("calculateAperature at iso 100 1/250s");
    for (float i=-2;i<18;i+=0.25){
      Serial.print(i);
      Serial.print(" -> ");
      Serial.println(calculateAperature(i, (uint16_t)100, 1.0/250),6);
    }
    
  }*/
  


  switch(displaymode){
    case lightmeter:
      handleInputs_Lightmeter();
      break;
    case settings:
      handleInputs_Settings();
      break;
    case meteringmodeselection:
      handleInputs_Meteringmodeselection();
      break;
  }
  
  

  if (millis()-millis_lastchange>TIME_AUTOPOWEROFF){
    poweroff();
  }

  if ( button_trigger || button_left || button_center || button_right ) {
    millis_lastchange=millis(); //for auto poweroff and auto closes
    millis_lastinput=millis(); //for debouncing
  }
  
}

void poweroff(){
  bool _eepromwritten=saveSettingsToEEPROM(false); //save only changes to eeprom
  analogWrite(PIN_LED,255); //Blink led
  delay(100);
  analogWrite(PIN_LED,0);
  if (_eepromwritten){
    delay(100);
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,255);
    delay(100);
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,0);
  }
  digitalWrite(PIN_ON, LOW); //Turn off hardware latch
}

void handleInputs_Lightmeter()
{
  if ( button_center )  {  //open meteringmode selection
    displaymode=meteringmodeselection;
    millis_opened_meteringmodeselection=loopmillis;
  }
  
  if ( button_hold_center  ) { //Go to Settings
    displaymode=settings;
  }
  
  
  if (manualev_mode){ //Manual Ev
    //Value Change
    if ( button_left  ) {
      ev-=1.0/userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac;
    }
    if ( button_right  ) {
      ev+=1.0/userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac;
    }
    //Change Mode
    if ( button_hold_left ){ // Manual Ev -> Av
      setAperature=showAperature;
      setShutter=0;
      manualev_mode=false;
    }
    if ( button_hold_right ){ // Manual Ev -> T
      setShutter=showShutter;
      setAperature=0;
      manualev_mode=false;
    }
  }else if(setShutter==0){ //Aperature Priority
    manualev_mode=false;
    //Value Change
    if ( button_left  ) {
      changeAperature(1); //Decrement Aperature
    }
    if ( button_right  ) {
      changeAperature(-1); //Increment Aperature
    }
    //Change Mode
    if ( button_hold_left ){ //Av ->  Manual Ev
      manualev_mode=true;
    }
    if ( button_hold_right ){ //Av -> T
      setShutter=showShutter;
      setAperature=0;
    }
  }else if (setAperature==0){ //Shutter Priority
    manualev_mode=false;
    //Value Change
    if ( button_left  ) {
      changeShutter(1); //Decrement Aperature
    }
    if ( button_right  ) {
      changeShutter(-1); //Increment Aperature
    }
    //Change Mode
    if ( button_hold_left ){ //T -> Av
      setAperature=showAperature;
      setShutter=0;
    }
    if ( button_hold_right ){ //T -> Manual Ev
      manualev_mode=true; 
    }
  }

  if (button_trigger || button_hold_long_trigger) { //Trigger or very long hold
    ev_last=ev;
    ev=getEV(); //set ev to current measurement by selected mode
    if (ev<ev_min || ev_min<-254){ //new ev is smaller than last or ev_min wasn set
      ev_min=ev;
    }
    if(ev>ev_max){ //new ev is greater
      ev_max=ev;
    }
    debug_analog_high=analog_high;
    debug_analog_low=analog_low;
    //LED Brightness on trigger
    uint8_t triggerblinkbrightness=255;
    if (ev<4){ //dim led when dark
      triggerblinkbrightness=map(ev,2,4,5,255);
    }
    if (ev<2){
      triggerblinkbrightness=5;
    }
    if (button_hold_long_trigger){ //low brightness on long hold
      triggerblinkbrightness=5;
    }
    blinkLED(20,triggerblinkbrightness);
  }

  if (button_hold_trigger) { //Trigger hold, resets ev_min,max and last
    ev_min=-255; //placeholder for "not set"
    ev_max=-255;
    ev_last=-255;
    //LED Brightness on trigger
    uint8_t triggerblinkbrightness=255;
    if (ev<4){ //dim led when dark
      triggerblinkbrightness=map(ev,4,0,255,50);
    }
    blinkLED(400,triggerblinkbrightness);
  }


}



void handleInputs_Settings()
{
  if ( button_hold_center  ) { //Go to Lightmeter
    settings_itemActive=false; //deselect item
    displaymode=lightmeter;
  }

  

  if (!settings_itemActive){ //select items
    if ( button_left  ) {
      if (settings_selectedItem>0){ //not first item
        settings_selectedItem-=1;
      }
    }
    if ( button_right  ) {
      if (settings_selectedItem<SETTINGS_SELECTEDITEM_MAX){ //not last item
        settings_selectedItem+=1;
      }
    }
    if ( button_center ){
      settings_itemActive=true; //select item to change value
    }
    
  }else{  //item selected to change value
    
    switch (settings_selectedItem)
    {
      case 0: //ISO
        if ( button_left  ) {
          changeISO(-1);
        }
        if ( button_right  ) {
          changeISO(1);
        }
        break;

      case 1: //Aperature Selection Mode
        if ( button_left  ) {
          if(userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode>1){
            userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode-=1;
          }
        }
        if ( button_right  ) {
          if (userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode<MAXIMUM_APERATURESELECTIONMODES){
            userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode+=1;
          }
        }
        break;

      case 2: //Shutter Selection Mode
        if ( button_left  ) {
          if(userSettings.shutterSelectionMode>1){
            userSettings.shutterSelectionMode-=1;
          }
        }
        if ( button_right  ) {
          if (userSettings.shutterSelectionMode<MAXIMUM_SHUTTERSELECTIONMODES){
            userSettings.shutterSelectionMode+=1;
          }
        }
        break;

      case 3: //manual ev moveamount
        if ( button_left  ) {
          if(userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac>1){
            userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac-=1;
          }
        }
        if ( button_right  ) {
          if (userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac<MAXIMUM_MANUAL_EV_MOVEAMOUNT_FRAC){
            userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac+=1;
          }
        }
        break;

      case 4: //Turn Off
        poweroff();
        break;
    }
    if ( button_center ){
      settings_itemActive=false; //return to item selection
    }
  }
  
}

void handleInputs_Meteringmodeselection()
{
  if ( button_center )  {  //next or back to main screen
    if (millis()-millis_lastchange<TIME_METERINGMODESELECTION_SHUTDOWN_SHORTCUT) { //double press select (center) to poweroff
      poweroff(); //Turn off
    }
    displaymode=lightmeter;
  }

  if ( button_left ){
    meteringmode = METERINGMODE_REFLECTIVE;
    displaymode=lightmeter; // and close
  }
  if ( button_right ) {
    meteringmode = METERINGMODE_INCIDENT;
    displaymode=lightmeter; // and close
  }

  if (millis()-millis_lastchange>TIME_METERINGMODESELECTION_CLOSE){ //Automatic close
    displaymode=lightmeter;
  }
}

float reciprocFloat(float p){
  if (p<1){
    return   (1.0f/( (int)(p*1000000) ) )*1000000 ;
  }else{
    return (1/p);
  }
}

float getEV(){
  float _ev=0;
  if (meteringmode == METERINGMODE_REFLECTIVE){  //### SPOT
    //ev=map(analog_low,500, 3500 ,500, 1400)/100.0; //for testing

    //first prototype. 
    //double highev=11.7400532 + 0.000216655133*analog_high + 0.00000111372253*pow(analog_high,2) + -0.000000000163800818 *pow(analog_high,3);
    //double lowev=-0.763427709 + 0.0138031137*analog_low + -0.00000576990095*pow(analog_low,2) + 0.000000000871611285*pow(analog_low,3);

    //calibration 20180413
    //polynomial only
    //double highev=4.76455098 + 0.00961533698*analog_high - 0.00000399325586*pow(analog_high,2) + 0.000000000654378697 *pow(analog_high,3);
    //double lowev=-38.9534785 + 0.310426970*analog_low - 0.000769939297*pow(analog_low,2) + 0.000000639458491*pow(analog_low,3);
    
    
    double log_low=log(analog_low);
    //[-2.47999992e+02  5.59942657e+03 -4.74076773e+04  1.78389539e+05  -2.51728845e+05]
    double lowev=-251728.845 + 178389.539*log_low - 47407.6773*pow(log_low,2) + 5599.42657*pow(log_low,3) - 247.999992*pow(log_low,4);
    
    double log_high=log(analog_high);
    //[7.27310051e-02 -2.02919373e+00  2.23823220e+01 -1.22121768e+02  3.32574527e+02 -3.60445720e+02]
    double highev=-360.445720 + 332.574527*log_high - 122.121768*pow(log_high,2) + 22.3823220*pow(log_high,3) - 2.02919373*pow(log_high,4) + 0.0727310051*pow(log_high,5);

    /*Serial.print("analog_low="); //asdf
    Serial.print(analog_low);
    Serial.print(" log_low=");
    Serial.print(log_low);
    Serial.print(" lowev=");
    Serial.println(lowev);

    Serial.print("analog_high=");
    Serial.print(analog_high);
    Serial.print(" log_high=");
    Serial.print(log_high);
    Serial.print(" highev=");
    Serial.println(highev);*/

    
  
    if (highev>2){
      _ev=highev;
      Serial.println("using high ev");
    }else if(lowev<1){
      _ev=lowev;
      Serial.println("using low ev");
    }else{ //mix of both
      float mix=min(1.0, max(0.0,(lowev-1)/(2-1))); //0 to 1, 0-> use only lowev, 1-> use only highev
      _ev=lowev*(1-mix)+highev*mix;
      Serial.print("mixing mix=");
      Serial.println(mix);
    }
    Serial.print("EV=");
    Serial.println(_ev);
  }else if (meteringmode == METERINGMODE_INCIDENT){ //### INCIDENT
    _ev = luxToEv(incident*INCIDENT_CORRECTION_FACTOR);
  }

  return _ev;
}

void calculateFromEV()
{
  if (setAperature>0){ //Aperature Priority
    showAperature=setAperature; //use user set Aperature
    showShutter=calculateShutter(ev,setISO, setAperature);
  }else if(setShutter>0){ //Shutter Priority
    showShutter=setShutter; //use user set Shutter
    showAperature=calculateAperature(ev, setISO, setShutter);
  }
}

double evToLux(double ev) {
    return pow(2, ev) * 2.5;
}
double luxToEv(uint16_t lux){
  if (lux <= 2){
    return 0;
  }
  return log (lux/2.5) / log (2);
}

float calculateShutter(float pEv, uint16_t pIso, float pAperature) //returns calculated Shutter speed given Ev, ISO and Aperature
{
  //EV = log2 ( 100* Aperature^2 / (ISO * Time ))
  //100* Aperature^2 / (2^EV * ISO) =  Time
  return (100.0 * pow( pAperature,2) ) / (pow(2,pEv)*pIso);
}
float calculateAperature(float pEv, uint16_t pIso, float pShutter) //returns mathematical aperature in x1
{
  //EV = log2 ( 100* Aperature^2 / (ISO * Time ))
  // sqrt( 2^EV *(ISO * Time ) /100 ) = Aperature
  return sqrt( pow(2,pEv) * pIso * pShutter / 100.0 ) ;
}
float roundShutter(float pShutter, uint8_t pMethod) //round shutter to typical values
{
  uint8_t _index=findShutterIndex(pShutter,pMethod);
  
  //use closest shutter value
  switch(pMethod){
  case 1: //
      return shuttertimes1[_index];
    break;
  case 2: //
      return shuttertimes2[_index];
    break;
  case 3: //
      return shuttertimes3[_index];
    break;
  }
}

float roundAperature(float pAperature, uint8_t pMethod) //round Aperature (x1) to typical values. method=0 -> leave, 1=full stops, 2=half stops, 3=third stops
{
  if (pMethod==0){
    return pAperature;
  }
  
  uint8_t closest_index=findAperatureIndex(pAperature,pMethod);
  
  //use closest aperature value
  switch(pMethod){
    case 1: //full stops
        return aperaturesFull[closest_index];
      break;
    case 2: //half stops
        //return float ( pow(sqrt(sqrt(2)), _index-2) );
        return aperaturesHalf[closest_index];
      break;
    case 3: //third stops
        return aperaturesThird[closest_index];
        //return float ( pow(cbrt(sqrt(2)), _index-2) );
      break;
  }
}

void changeAperature(int8_t pchange){ //pchange>0 means more light exposure (brighter image)
  uint8_t _newAperatureIndex=findAperatureIndex(setAperature,userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode);

  uint8_t _maximumAperatureIndex=0;
  switch(userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode){ //check max
    case 1: //full stops
        _maximumAperatureIndex=sizeof(aperaturesFull)/sizeof(float); 
      break;
    case 2: //half stops
        _maximumAperatureIndex=sizeof(aperaturesHalf)/sizeof(float);
      break;
    case 3: //third stops
        _maximumAperatureIndex=sizeof(aperaturesThird)/sizeof(float);
      break;
  }
  _newAperatureIndex-=pchange; //change aperature
  _newAperatureIndex=min(_newAperatureIndex,_maximumAperatureIndex-1); //maximum limit
  _newAperatureIndex=max(_newAperatureIndex,userSettings.minimumAperatureIndex); //minimum limit
  
  switch(userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode){
    case 1: //full stops
        setAperature=aperaturesFull[_newAperatureIndex];
      break;
    case 2: //half stops
        setAperature=aperaturesHalf[_newAperatureIndex];
      break;
    case 3: //third stops
        setAperature=aperaturesThird[_newAperatureIndex];
      break;
  }
}
uint8_t findAperatureIndex(float pAperature,uint8_t pMethod) //find index of closest aperature from given aperature tables (pMethod
{
  float _minDistance=90000;
  float _lastminDistance=100000;
  uint8_t _index=userSettings.minimumAperatureIndex;
  uint8_t _maxindexpossible=0;
  
  switch(pMethod){
    case 1:
        _maxindexpossible=APERATURESFULL_MAXINDEX;
      break;
    case 2:
        _maxindexpossible=APERATURESHALF_MAXINDEX;
      break;
    case 3:
        _maxindexpossible=APERATURESTHIRD_MAXINDEX;
      break;
  }

  while (_lastminDistance>_minDistance) //until distance increases
  {
    if (_index>_maxindexpossible){ //this index will be out of bounds
      return _maxindexpossible;
    }
    
    _lastminDistance=_minDistance;
    
    switch(pMethod){
    case 1: //full stops
        _minDistance=abs( pAperature - aperaturesFull[_index] );
      break;
    case 2: //half stops
        _minDistance=abs( pAperature - aperaturesHalf[_index] );
      break;
    case 3: //third stops
        _minDistance=abs( pAperature - aperaturesThird[_index] );
      break;
    }
    _index++; //next
  }
  
  return _index-2; //use index with closest value
}


void changeShutter(int8_t pchange){ //pchange>0 means more light exposure (brighter image)
  
  
  uint8_t _newShutterIndex=findShutterIndex(setShutter,userSettings.shutterSelectionMode);

  uint8_t _maximumShutterIndex=0;
  switch(userSettings.shutterSelectionMode){ //get max index from array
    case 1:
        _maximumShutterIndex=sizeof(shuttertimes1)/sizeof(float);
      break;
    case 2:
        _maximumShutterIndex=sizeof(shuttertimes2)/sizeof(float);
      break;
    case 3:
        _maximumShutterIndex=sizeof(shuttertimes3)/sizeof(float);
      break;
  }
  
  if (!( -pchange<0 && _newShutterIndex==0)){ //changed value would not yield negative index
    _newShutterIndex-=pchange; //change aperature
    _newShutterIndex=min(_newShutterIndex,_maximumShutterIndex-1); //maximum limit from array
    //_newShutterIndex=min(_newShutterIndex,maximumShutterIndex); //maximum limit from user settings
  }
  
  switch(userSettings.shutterSelectionMode){
    case 1: //
        setShutter=shuttertimes1[_newShutterIndex];
      break;
    case 2: //
        setShutter=shuttertimes2[_newShutterIndex];
      break;
    case 3: //
        setShutter=shuttertimes3[_newShutterIndex];
      break;
  }
}
uint8_t findShutterIndex(float pShutter,uint8_t pMethod) //find index of closest aperature from given aperature tables (pMethod
{
  float _minDistance=0;
  switch(userSettings.shutterSelectionMode){
    case 1: //
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter-shuttertimes1[0]);
      break;
    case 2: //
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter-shuttertimes2[0]);
      break;
    case 3: //
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter-shuttertimes3[0]);
      break;
  }
  float _lastminDistance=_minDistance;
  uint8_t _index=0;
  uint8_t _maxindexpossible=0;
  
  switch(pMethod){
    case 1:
        _maxindexpossible=SHUTTERTIMES1_MAXINDEX;
      break;
    case 2:
        _maxindexpossible=SHUTTERTIMES2_MAXINDEX;
      break;
    case 3:
        _maxindexpossible=SHUTTERTIMES3_MAXINDEX;
      break;
  }

  
  while (_lastminDistance>=_minDistance) //until distance increases
  {
    if (_index>_maxindexpossible){ //this index will be out of bounds
      return _maxindexpossible;
    }
    
    _lastminDistance=_minDistance;
    
    switch(pMethod){
    case 1:
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter - shuttertimes1[_index]);
      break;
    case 2:
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter - shuttertimes2[_index]);
      break;
    case 3:
        _minDistance=abs(pShutter - shuttertimes3[_index]);
      break;
    }
    _index++; //next
  }
  
  return _index-2; //use index with closest value
}

void changeISO(int8_t pchange){ //pchange>0 means more light exposure (brighter image), higher iso
  
  
  uint8_t _newISOIndex=findISOIndex(setISO,userSettings.ISOSelectionMode);

  uint8_t _maximumISOIndex=0;
  switch(userSettings.ISOSelectionMode){ //get max index from array
    case 1:
        _maximumISOIndex=sizeof(isoFull)/sizeof(float);
      break;
    case 2:
        _maximumISOIndex=sizeof(isoThird)/sizeof(float);
      break;
  }
  if (!( pchange<0 && _newISOIndex==0)){ //changed value would not yield negative index
    _newISOIndex+=pchange; //change iso
    _newISOIndex=min(_newISOIndex,_maximumISOIndex-1); //maximum limit from array
    //_newISOIndex=min(_newISOIndex,maximumISOIndex); //maximum limit from user settings
  }
  
  switch(userSettings.ISOSelectionMode){
    case 1: //
        setISO=isoFull[_newISOIndex];
      break;
    case 2: //
        setISO=isoThird[_newISOIndex];
      break;
  }
}

uint8_t findISOIndex(float pISO,uint8_t pMethod) //find index of closest iso from given iso table (pMethod)
{
  float _minDistance=abs(pISO-isoFull[0]);
  float _lastminDistance=_minDistance;
  uint8_t _index=0;

  
  while (_lastminDistance>=_minDistance) //until distance increases
  {
    _lastminDistance=_minDistance;
    
    switch(pMethod){
    case 1:
        _minDistance=abs(pISO - isoFull[_index]);
      break;
    case 2:
        _minDistance=abs(pISO - isoThird[_index]);
      break;
    }
    _index++; //next
  }
  return _index-2;
}

int isoToDIN(float pISO,uint8_t pMethod){
  uint8_t _isoIndex=findISOIndex(pISO,pMethod);
  switch(pMethod){
    case 1:
        return isoFullDIN[_isoIndex];
      break;
    case 2:
        return isoThirdDIN[_isoIndex];
      break;
  }
}

void displayPrintISO(float pISO,bool pDisplayBoth){ //for lower iso values use din notation
  
  if (pISO>=25 || pDisplayBoth){
    if (pDisplayBoth){
      display.print(pISO,2);
    }else{
      display.print(pISO,0);
    }
  }
  if (pDisplayBoth){
    display.print("/");
  }
  if (pISO<25  || pDisplayBoth){
    display.print(isoToDIN(pISO,userSettings.ISOSelectionMode));
    display.write(0xF7); //degree char
  }
}

float calculateEV(float pISO, float pShutter, float pAperature)
{ //EV = log2 ( 100* Aperature^2 / (ISO * Time ))
  return log (100*pow(pAperature,2) / (pISO*pShutter)) / log (2);
}

void updateDisplay()
{
  if (loopmillis-last_displayupdate>=DISPLAY_UPDATEDELAY){
    switch(displaymode){
      case lightmeter:
        updateDisplay_Lightmeter();
        break;
      case settings:
        updateDisplay_Settings();
        break;
      case meteringmodeselection:
        updateDisplay_Meteringmodeselection();
        break;
    }
    last_displayupdate=loopmillis;
    display.display();
  }

  
  
}

void updateDisplay_Lightmeter() //Lightmeter display
{
  #define xpos_aperature 2
  #define ypos_aperature 29
  #define xpos_shutter 50
  #define ypos_shutter 29
  #define xpos_icon 112 //128-16
  #define ypos_icon 29

  #define xpos_debug 0
  #define ypos_debug 63-7

  #define xpos_iso 2
  #define ypos_iso 63-7-9
  
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);

  
  
  //Aperature
  float _showAperature=roundAperature(showAperature,userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode);
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setCursor(xpos_aperature,ypos_aperature); display.print("F");
  display.setTextSize(2);
  display.setCursor(display.getCursorX(),display.getCursorY()); display.print(int(_showAperature));
  if ( int( (_showAperature-int(_showAperature) )*10  )  !=0){ //has a decimal
    display.setTextSize(1);
    display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()-2,display.getCursorY()+7); display.print("."); display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()+1,display.getCursorY()-7);
    display.setTextSize(2);
    display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()-2,display.getCursorY());
    display.print( (int)round( (_showAperature-int(_showAperature) )*10));
  }
  //Aperature border
  if (setAperature>0){ //Aperature Priority Mode
    if (!manualev_mode){ //selection
      display.drawRect(xpos_aperature-2, ypos_aperature-2, 40, 18, WHITE); //normal border
    }else{ //manual ev selection
      drawRectCorners(xpos_aperature-2, ypos_aperature-2, 40, 18, 5,WHITE); //alternative border
    }
  }
  
  
  //Shutter
  display.setCursor(xpos_shutter,ypos_shutter); 
  float _showShutter=roundShutter(showShutter,userSettings.shutterSelectionMode);
  //Serial.print("rounded Shutter from "); Serial.print(showShutter); Serial.print(" to "); Serial.println(_showShutter); //asdf
  if (_showShutter>0.25) //check shuttertime
  { //show full seconds
    display.print(int(_showShutter));
    if (_showShutter-int(_showShutter)>0){ //has decimals
      display.setTextSize(1);
      display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()-2,display.getCursorY()+7); display.print("."); display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()+1,display.getCursorY()-7);
      display.setTextSize(2);
      display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()-2,display.getCursorY());
      display.print( (int)round( (_showShutter-int(_showShutter))*10)); //show one decimal
    }
    display.setTextSize(1); display.setCursor(display.getCursorX(),display.getCursorY()+7);
    display.print("s");
  }else{ //show fraction of a second
    display.setTextSize(1); display.print("1");
    display.drawLine(display.getCursorX()+1,display.getCursorY(), display.getCursorX()-1, display.getCursorY()+9, WHITE);
    display.setTextSize(2); display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()+2,display.getCursorY());
    int _frac_showShutter = (int) (   (1.0f/( (int)(_showShutter*1000000) ) )*1000000 );
    display.print(  _frac_showShutter );
    display.setTextSize(1); display.setCursor(display.getCursorX(),display.getCursorY()+7);
    display.print("s");
  }
  //Shutter border
  if (setShutter>0){ //Shutter Priority Mode
    if (!manualev_mode){ //selection
      display.drawRect(xpos_shutter-2, ypos_shutter-2, 60, 18, WHITE); //normal border
    }else{ //manual ev selection
      drawRectCorners(xpos_shutter-2, ypos_shutter-2, 60, 18, 5, WHITE); //alternative border
    }
  }

  //Draw line for ev error
  float _actualEV = calculateEV(setISO,_showShutter,_showAperature);
  float _evError=_actualEV-ev; //Line on the right means suggested values will overexpose the image
  uint8_t evErrorX=0;
  uint8_t evErrorY=ypos_aperature+16;
  if (setAperature>0){ //Aperature Priority Mode
    evErrorX=xpos_shutter+20;
    evErrorY=ypos_shutter+16;
  }else if(setShutter>0) { //Shutter Priority Mode
    evErrorX=xpos_aperature+20;
    evErrorY=ypos_aperature+16;
  }
  uint8_t everrorpixels_per_ev=20;
  if (_evError>1 || _evError<1){ //scale smaller if error greater 1 EV
    everrorpixels_per_ev=10;
  }
  display.drawLine(evErrorX,evErrorY,evErrorX,evErrorY+1,WHITE); //center line
  display.drawLine(evErrorX-everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY,evErrorX-everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY+1,WHITE); //-1 ev
  display.drawLine(evErrorX+everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY,evErrorX+everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY+1,WHITE); //+1ev
  if (_evError>1 || _evError<1){ //scale smaller if error greater 1 EV
    display.drawLine(evErrorX-2*everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY,evErrorX-2*everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY+1,WHITE); //-1 ev
    display.drawLine(evErrorX+2*everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY,evErrorX+2*everrorpixels_per_ev,evErrorY+1,WHITE); //+1ev
  }
  display.drawLine(evErrorX,evErrorY,evErrorX+(everrorpixels_per_ev*_evError+0.5),evErrorY,WHITE); //Draw ev error line

  //Meteringmode Icon
  if (meteringmode == METERINGMODE_REFLECTIVE){
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_icon, ypos_icon,  icon_spot_bits, icon_spot_width, icon_spot_height, WHITE);
  }else if (meteringmode == METERINGMODE_INCIDENT) {
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_icon, ypos_icon,  icon_incident_bits, icon_incident_width,icon_incident_height, WHITE);
  }
  
  //ISO
  display.setCursor(xpos_iso,ypos_iso); display.setTextSize(1); 
  if (setISO<25){
    display.print("DIN ");  //below iso 25 only din value is shown here
  }else{
    display.print("ISO ");   
  }
  displayPrintISO(setISO,false);//display.print(formatISO(setISO,false));
  

  //EV Scale
  uint8_t _evrangedisplay=10;//which range to display. Default value
  if (ev_min>-254 && ev_max>-254){ //values set
    _evrangedisplay=ev_max-ev_min;
  }
  if (_evrangedisplay<6){ //minimum range
    _evrangedisplay=6;
  }

  //#define FULLEVLINEDISTANCE 9
  //#define THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE 3
  
  uint8_t FULLEVLINEDISTANCE=((int)(WIDTH/(_evrangedisplay+2))/3)*3; //scale distance to fit evrange_display with safety margin, floor to multiples of 3
  uint8_t THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE=FULLEVLINEDISTANCE/3;
  uint8_t _max_evvalues_displayed=(WIDTH/(FULLEVLINEDISTANCE));
  #define ypos_evtext 7
  #define ypos_icon_arrow 6

  int8_t _startev=-5; //first ev to display, 13 ev values can fit on screen
  /*if (ev>2 && (ev_min<-254 || ev_min>2)){   //TODO make ev scale start better
    _startev=0;
  }
  if (ev>_max_ev_displayed-2 || ev_max>_max_ev_displayed-2){
    _startev=5+ev-(_max_ev_displayed-2);
  }*/

  float _evrangemargin=(_max_evvalues_displayed-_evrangedisplay)/2.0; //space left on both sides between evnrange (min to max) and display width
  if (_evrangemargin<0){ //bound
    _evrangemargin=0;
  }
  if (ev_min>-254 && ev_max>-254 ){ //minmax values set
    if (ev>=ev_min && ev<=ev_max){ //arrow between min and max
      _startev=(ev_max-ev_min)/2+ev_min - _max_evvalues_displayed/2;  //center of evmin and max at display center
    }else{ //arrow outside of ev min max range
      if (ev<ev_min) { //on the left
        _startev=ev-_evrangemargin-2;
      }else if (ev>ev_max) { //on the right
        _startev=ev+_evrangemargin-_evrangedisplay;
      }
    }
  }else{ //ev min max values not set yet
    _startev=ev-_max_evvalues_displayed/2; //center
    _startev=(int(_startev/(_max_evvalues_displayed/2)))*(_max_evvalues_displayed/2); //floor to multiples of (_evrangedisplay/2)
  }
  

  uint8_t xpos_arrow=(ev-_startev*1.0) *FULLEVLINEDISTANCE+1; //calculate display position for ev

  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.drawLine(THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,WHITE); //first third line
  display.drawLine(THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,WHITE); //second third line
  for (uint8_t _fullevline=1;_fullevline<=_max_evvalues_displayed;_fullevline++){ //with fullevlindistance=9 and  WIDTH=128  -> <=13     
    int8_t _current_evvalue = _fullevline+_startev;
    uint8_t _xpos_center_evtext = _fullevline*FULLEVLINEDISTANCE; //center of current ev line x pos
    display.drawLine(_xpos_center_evtext,0,_xpos_center_evtext,2,WHITE);
    display.drawLine(_xpos_center_evtext+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,_xpos_center_evtext+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,WHITE);
    display.drawLine(_xpos_center_evtext+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,_xpos_center_evtext+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE+THIRDEVLINEDISTANCE,0,WHITE);
    if ((FULLEVLINEDISTANCE>9 && _current_evvalue<10 && _current_evvalue>=0) || (FULLEVLINEDISTANCE>12) || _fullevline%2==1){ //display every single digit ev if distance greater 9 OR if dist. gr. 12 OTHERWISE only every second digit
      
      uint8_t _evtextmove=2; //movement of left point of text to the left. Compensation for center position
      if (_current_evvalue>9 || _current_evvalue<0){ //text has two digits
        _evtextmove=5;
      }
      if ( (xpos_arrow-7 > _xpos_center_evtext) || (xpos_arrow+7 < _xpos_center_evtext) ) { //drawn arrow not too close to ev text
        display.setCursor(_xpos_center_evtext-_evtextmove,ypos_evtext); display.print(_current_evvalue); //EV Text at scale line
      }
    }
  }
  //Arrow at current ev
  float _ev_decimals=abs(ev-((int)ev));
  display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow - icon_arrow_width/2.0, ypos_icon_arrow,  icon_arrow_bits, icon_arrow_width, icon_arrow_height, WHITE); //arrow icon
  if (manualev_mode){ //in manual ev mode
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow - icon_arrow_width/2.0 -1, ypos_icon_arrow,  icon_arrow_bits, icon_arrow_width, icon_arrow_height, WHITE); //arrow icon  //draw bold
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow - icon_arrow_width/2.0 +1, ypos_icon_arrow,  icon_arrow_bits, icon_arrow_width, icon_arrow_height, WHITE); //arrow icon  //draw bold
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow - icon_arrow_width/2.0 , ypos_icon_arrow-1,  icon_arrow_bits, icon_arrow_width, icon_arrow_height, WHITE); //arrow icon  //draw bold
  }
  uint8_t _xpos_current_evtext_move=5; //for text centering
  if (_ev_decimals <= 0.1666 || _ev_decimals > 0.8333) { //without fraction displayed
    _xpos_current_evtext_move=2;
  }
  
  int _displayev=(int)ev;
  if (_ev_decimals > 0.8333 ){
    if (ev>=0){ //ev is positive
      _displayev=(int)(ev+1);//EV Value under arrow. Ceil
    }else if (ev<0){ //ev is negative
      _displayev=(int)(ev-1);//EV Value under arrow. Ceil (negative)
    }
    
  }
  //int _xpos_current_fraction_move=0; //move fraction icon
  if (_displayev>=10 || ev<-0.1666){ //displayev is two digits long (>=10 or negative sign)
    _xpos_current_evtext_move+=6; //move digits to left. positive means left
    
  }
  display.setCursor(xpos_arrow-_xpos_current_evtext_move,ypos_icon_arrow+icon_arrow_height+2);  //current ev text position
  if (ev<0 && _displayev==0){ //ev is negative but displayev is zero
    display.print("-"); // add minus in front
  }
  display.print(_displayev); //EV Value under arrow
  
  
  if ( _ev_decimals > 0.1666 && _ev_decimals <= 0.4166) {
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow , ypos_icon_arrow+icon_arrow_height-(icon_one_third_height-8)/2 +2,  icon_one_third_bits, icon_one_third_width, icon_one_third_height, WHITE); //one third
  }else if ( _ev_decimals > 0.4166 && _ev_decimals <= 0.5833) {
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow , ypos_icon_arrow+icon_arrow_height-(icon_one_half_height-8)/2 +2,  icon_one_half_bits, icon_one_half_width, icon_one_half_height, WHITE); //one half
  }else if ( _ev_decimals > 0.5833 && _ev_decimals <= 0.8333) {
    display.drawXBitmap(xpos_arrow , ypos_icon_arrow+icon_arrow_height-(icon_two_third_height-8)/2 +2,  icon_two_third_bits, icon_two_third_width, icon_two_third_height, WHITE); //two third
  }

  //ev min & max
  int16_t xpos_ev_min=(ev_min-_startev*1.0) *FULLEVLINEDISTANCE; //calculate display position for ev
  int16_t xpos_ev_max=(ev_max-_startev*1.0) *FULLEVLINEDISTANCE; //calculate display position for ev

  bool arrow_is_between_minmax=true;
  if (xpos_arrow<=xpos_ev_min || xpos_arrow>=xpos_ev_max){
    arrow_is_between_minmax=false; //selected ev is not between min and max ev
  }
  if (ev_min>-254 && xpos_ev_min>=0 && xpos_ev_min<WIDTH){ //ev_min is set (-255 is placeholder for "not set")
    display.drawLine(xpos_ev_min,2,xpos_ev_min,5,WHITE);
    if ((xpos_arrow-xpos_ev_min)>3 && arrow_is_between_minmax){ //arrow is not overlaying line and is in between min and max
      //display.drawLine(xpos_ev_min,4,xpos_arrow ,4,WHITE); //line from left horizontally to arrow
      display.drawLine(xpos_ev_min,5,xpos_arrow - 4,5,WHITE); //line from left horizontally to arrow
    }
  }
  if (ev_max>-254 && xpos_ev_max>=0 && xpos_ev_max<WIDTH){ //ev_min is set (-255 is placeholder for "not set")
    display.drawLine(xpos_ev_max,2,xpos_ev_max,5,WHITE);
    if ((xpos_ev_max-xpos_arrow)>3 && arrow_is_between_minmax){ //arrow is not overlaying line and is in between min and max
      //display.drawLine(xpos_ev_max,4,xpos_arrow ,4,WHITE); //line from right horizontally to arrow
      display.drawLine(xpos_ev_max,5,xpos_arrow + 2,5,WHITE); //line from right horizontally to arrow
    }
  }
  if (ev_min>-254 && ev_max>-254){ //evmin and max are set
    uint8_t _xpos_ev_min_line=xpos_ev_min;
    uint8_t _xpos_ev_max_line=xpos_ev_max;
    if (xpos_ev_min<0){
      _xpos_ev_min_line=0;
    }else if (xpos_ev_min>=WIDTH-1){
      _xpos_ev_min_line=WIDTH-1;
    }
    if (xpos_ev_max<0){
      _xpos_ev_max_line=0;
    }else if (xpos_ev_max>=WIDTH-1){
      _xpos_ev_max_line=WIDTH-1;
    }
    display.drawLine(_xpos_ev_min_line,4,_xpos_ev_max_line ,4,WHITE); //draw single line between them
  }

  for (int8_t i=-(xpos_arrow-xpos_ev_min)/FULLEVLINEDISTANCE;i<(xpos_ev_max-xpos_arrow)/FULLEVLINEDISTANCE;i++){ //draw black lines for every zone border
    display.drawLine(xpos_arrow+i*FULLEVLINEDISTANCE+FULLEVLINEDISTANCE/2,4,xpos_arrow+i*FULLEVLINEDISTANCE+FULLEVLINEDISTANCE/2 ,5,BLACK); //erase part of horizontal line 
  }
  
  

  
  //DEBUG Message
  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setCursor(xpos_debug,ypos_debug);
  display.print(vbat,2);
  display.print("V ");
  /*display.print("Ev=");
  display.print(ev);
  display.print(" |");
  display.print(incident);*/

  /*display.print(debug_analog_low);
  display.print(" : ");
  display.print(debug_analog_high);*/

  /*display.print(ev_min,1);
  display.print("<");
  display.print(ev,1);
  display.print("<");
  display.print(ev_max,1);*/

  
  display.setCursor(xpos_debug+50,ypos_debug-5);
  if (ev_min>-254 && ev>=ev_min) { //ev min set
    display.print("-");
    display.print(ev-ev_min,1);
  }else{
    display.print("/");
  }
  display.print(" <> ");
  if (ev_max>-254 && ev<=ev_max){
    display.print("+");
    display.print(ev_max-ev,1);
  }else{
    display.print("/");
  }
  
  
}

void updateDisplay_Settings()
{
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  display.setTextSize(1);
  #define SETTINGS_YPOS_INCREMENT 9
  #define SETTINGS_XPOS_OFFSET 1

  
  
  display.setCursor(SETTINGS_XPOS_OFFSET,0); //absolute position for first item

  for (uint8_t _currentItemIndex=0;_currentItemIndex<=SETTINGS_SELECTEDITEM_MAX;_currentItemIndex++)
  {
    if (settings_selectedItem==_currentItemIndex){
      if (settings_itemActive){
        display.drawRect(0, display.getCursorY()-2, 126 , 11, WHITE);
      }else{
        display.fillCircle(2, display.getCursorY()+3,2, WHITE); //x,y,r,color
      }
      display.setCursor(display.getCursorX()+5,display.getCursorY()); //move text to the right
    }
    display.print(settingStrings[_currentItemIndex]); 
    switch(_currentItemIndex){ //if values need to be shown
      case 0: displayPrintISO(setISO,true);//display.print(formatISO(setISO,true));
        break;
      case 1: display.print(settingsnameAperatureSelectionMode[userSettings.aperatureSelectionMode-1]);
        break;
      case 2: display.print(settingsnameShutterSelectionMode[userSettings.shutterSelectionMode-1]);
        break;
      case 3: display.print("1/"); display.print(userSettings.manualev_moveamount_frac);display.print(" EV");
        break;
      //case 4 is power off, no value to display here
    }
  
    display.setCursor(SETTINGS_XPOS_OFFSET,display.getCursorY()+SETTINGS_YPOS_INCREMENT); //move cursor to next entry
  }

}

void updateDisplay_Meteringmodeselection() 
{
  display.clearDisplay();
  display.setTextColor(WHITE);
  #define xpos_center_icon_spot 30
  #define ypos_icon_spot 20
  #define xpos_center_icon_incident 97
  #define ypos_icon_incident 20

  display.drawXBitmap(xpos_center_icon_spot-icon_spot_width/2, ypos_icon_spot,  icon_spot_bits, icon_spot_width, icon_spot_height, WHITE); //Spot icon
  display.drawRect(xpos_center_icon_spot-icon_spot_width/2-2, ypos_icon_spot-2, icon_spot_width+4,icon_spot_height+4,WHITE);
  display.drawXBitmap(xpos_center_icon_incident-icon_incident_width/2, ypos_icon_incident,  icon_incident_bits, icon_incident_width, icon_incident_height, WHITE); //incident icon
  display.drawRect(xpos_center_icon_incident-icon_incident_width/2-2, ypos_icon_incident-2, icon_incident_width+4,icon_incident_height+4,WHITE);

  display.setTextSize(1);
  display.setCursor(xpos_center_icon_spot-10,ypos_icon_spot+icon_spot_height +6); //text position upper left
  display.print("SPOT"); //7x5 characters,  xpos_center_icon_spot-(5*#chars /2)
  display.setCursor(xpos_center_icon_incident-20,ypos_icon_incident+icon_incident_height+6); //text position upper left
  display.print("INCIDENT");
  
  if (loopmillis-millis_opened_meteringmodeselection>=DELAY_METERINGMODESELECTION_FLASHLIGHT){
    blinkLED(500); //turn led on continously
  }
}

void drawRectCorners(uint8_t px,uint8_t py, uint8_t pw, uint8_t ph, uint8_t pcornerlength, uint8_t pc){
  //px py are top left
  display.drawLine(px,py,px+pcornerlength,py, pc);
  display.drawLine(px,py,px,py+pcornerlength, pc);

  display.drawLine(px+pw,py,  px+pw-pcornerlength,py, pc);
  display.drawLine(px+pw,py,  px+pw,py+pcornerlength, pc);

  display.drawLine(px+pw,py+ph,  px+pw-pcornerlength,py+ph, pc);
  display.drawLine(px+pw,py+ph,  px+pw,py+ph-pcornerlength, pc);

  display.drawLine(px,py+ph,  px+pcornerlength,py+ph, pc);
  display.drawLine(px,py+ph,  px,py+ph-pcornerlength, pc);

}

void blinkLED(long duration){
  blinkLED(duration,255);
}
void blinkLED(long duration,uint8_t brightness){
  //digitalWrite(PIN_LED,HIGH);
  analogWrite(PIN_LED,brightness);
  millis_ledoff=loopmillis+duration;
}
void checkLED(){
  if (loopmillis>=millis_ledoff && digitalRead(PIN_LED)){
    //digitalWrite(PIN_LED,LOW);
    analogWrite(PIN_LED,0); //LED OFF
  }
}


template <class T> int EEPROM_writeAnything(int ee, const T& value)
{ //from http://www.stm32duino.com/viewtopic.php?t=1576
    const byte* p = (const byte*)(const void*)&value;
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(value); i++)
          EEPROM.write(ee++, *p++);

    return i;
}

template <class T> int EEPROM_readAnything(int ee, T& value)
{
    byte* p = (byte*)(void*)&value;
    unsigned int i;
    for (i = 0; i < sizeof(value); i++)
          *p++ = EEPROM.read(ee++);
    return i;
}