bobbycar/controller_teensy/src/main.cpp

#include <Arduino.h>


/*
Connections:
Tennsy Pin, Pin Name, Connected to
10, Tx2, Hoverboard RX(Green)
9, Rx2, Hoverboard TX(Blue)
8, Tx3, Hoverboard RX(Green)
7, Rx3, Hoverboard TX(Blue)
*/

// ########################## DEFINES ##########################
#define SERIAL_CONTROL_BAUD   115200       // [-] Baud rate for HoverSerial (used to communicate with the hoverboard)
#define SERIAL_BAUD         115200      // [-] Baud rate for built-in Serial (used for the Serial Monitor)
#define START_FRAME         0xABCD       // [-] Start frme definition for reliable serial communication

#define SERIAL_LOG_BAUD 115200 // baud rate for logging output
bool log_update=true;
unsigned long last_log_send=0;

#define SENDPERIOD 20 //ms. delay for sending speed and steer data to motor controller via serial
#define LOGMININTERVAL 20 //minimum interval (ms) to send logs

bool controllers_connected=false;

#define PIN_THROTTLE A7
const uint16_t calib_throttle_min = 400; //better a bit too high than too low
const uint16_t calib_throttle_max = 790;
#define PIN_BRAKE A8
const uint16_t calib_brake_min = 100;//better a bit too high than too low
const uint16_t calib_brake_max = 600;

int16_t throttle_pos=0;
int16_t brake_pos=0;

unsigned long last_adcread=0;
#define ADCREADPERIOD 10

#define PIN_START A9
#define PIN_LED_START 2 //Enginge start led

#define PIN_LATCH_ENABLE A6

#define PIN_MODE_SWITCH 3
#define PIN_MODE_LEDG 4
#define PIN_MODE_LEDR 5



unsigned long last_send = 0;
unsigned long last_receive = 0;

float filtered_currentAll=0;

int16_t cmd_send=0;
int16_t last_cmd_send=0;


// Global variables for serial communication
typedef struct{
    uint8_t idx = 0;                        // Index for new data pointer
    uint16_t bufStartFrame;                 // Buffer Start Frame
    byte *p;                                // Pointer declaration for the new received data
    byte incomingByte;
    byte incomingBytePrev;
    long lastValidDataSerial_time;
} SerialRead;
SerialRead SerialcomFront;
SerialRead SerialcomRear;


typedef struct{
   uint16_t start;
   int16_t  speedLeft;
   int16_t  speedRight;
   uint16_t checksum;
} SerialCommand;
SerialCommand CommandFront;
SerialCommand CommandRear;


typedef struct{
   uint16_t start;
   int16_t  cmd1;
   int16_t  cmd2;
   int16_t  speedL_meas; //left speed is negative when driving forward
   int16_t  speedR_meas; //right speed is positive when driving forward
   int16_t  batVoltage;
   int16_t  boardTemp;
   int16_t  curL_DC; //negative values are current drawn. positive values mean generated current
   int16_t  curR_DC;
   uint16_t cmdLed;
   uint16_t  checksum;
} SerialFeedback;
SerialFeedback FeedbackFront;
SerialFeedback NewFeedbackFront;
SerialFeedback FeedbackRear;
SerialFeedback NewFeedbackRear;

#define CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE 100 //latency is about CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE/2*MEASURE_INTERVAL (measure interval is defined by hoverboard controller)
#define CURRENT_MEANVALUECOUNT 10 //0<= meanvaluecount < CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE/2. how many values will be used from sorted weight array from the center region. abour double this values reading are used
typedef struct{
  int16_t curL_DC[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE] = {0};
  int16_t curR_DC[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE] = {0};
  uint8_t cur_pos=0;
  int16_t cmdL=0;
  int16_t cmdR=0;
  float filtered_curL=0;
  float filtered_curR=0;
  unsigned long millis=0; //time when last message received
} MotorParameter;
MotorParameter motorparamsFront;
MotorParameter motorparamsRear;


void SendSerial(SerialCommand &scom, int16_t uSpeedLeft, int16_t uSpeedRight, HardwareSerial &SerialRef);
bool ReceiveSerial(SerialRead &sread, SerialFeedback &Feedback,SerialFeedback &NewFeedback, HardwareSerial &SerialRef);

int sort_desc(const void *cmp1, const void *cmp2);
float filterMedian(int16_t* values);

void writeLogHeader(HardwareSerial &SerialRef);
void writeLog(HardwareSerial &SerialRef, unsigned long time, MotorParameter &mpfront, MotorParameter &mprear, SerialFeedback &fbfront, SerialFeedback &fbrear, float currentAll, int16_t throttle, int16_t brake);

void SendSerial(SerialCommand &scom, int16_t uSpeedLeft, int16_t uSpeedRight, HardwareSerial &SerialRef)
{
  // Create command
  scom.start    = (uint16_t)START_FRAME;
  scom.speedLeft    = (int16_t)uSpeedLeft;
  scom.speedRight    = (int16_t)uSpeedRight;
  scom.checksum = (uint16_t)(scom.start ^ scom.speedLeft ^ scom.speedRight);
  
  SerialRef.write((uint8_t *) &scom, sizeof(scom));
  
}

bool ReceiveSerial(SerialRead &sread, SerialFeedback &Feedback,SerialFeedback &NewFeedback, HardwareSerial &SerialRef)
{
  bool _result=1;
  // Check for new data availability in the Serial buffer
  if ( SerialRef.available() ) {
    sread.incomingByte    = SerialRef.read();                                 // Read the incoming byte
    sread.bufStartFrame = ((uint16_t)(sread.incomingByte) << 8) | sread.incomingBytePrev;  // Construct the start frame    
  }
  else {
    return 0;
  }

  // If DEBUG_RX is defined print all incoming bytes
  #ifdef DEBUG_RX
    Serial.print(sread.incomingByte);
  #endif      
  
  // Copy received data
  if (sread.bufStartFrame == START_FRAME) {                     // Initialize if new data is detected
    sread.p     = (byte *)&NewFeedback;
    *sread.p++  = sread.incomingBytePrev;
    *sread.p++  = sread.incomingByte;   
    sread.idx   = 2;    
  } else if (sread.idx >= 2 && sread.idx < sizeof(SerialFeedback)) {  // Save the new received data
    *sread.p++  = sread.incomingByte; 
    sread.idx++;
  } 
  
  // Check if we reached the end of the package
  if (sread.idx == sizeof(SerialFeedback)) {    
    uint16_t checksum;
  
    checksum = (uint16_t)(NewFeedback.start ^ NewFeedback.cmd1 ^ NewFeedback.cmd2
          ^ NewFeedback.speedR_meas ^ NewFeedback.speedL_meas ^ NewFeedback.batVoltage ^ NewFeedback.boardTemp ^ NewFeedback.curL_DC ^ NewFeedback.curR_DC ^ NewFeedback.cmdLed);
  
    // Check validity of the new data
    if (NewFeedback.start == START_FRAME && checksum == NewFeedback.checksum) {
      // Copy the new data
      memcpy(&Feedback, &NewFeedback, sizeof(SerialFeedback));
      sread.lastValidDataSerial_time = millis();
    } else {
      _result=0;
    }
    sread.idx = 0;  // Reset the index (it prevents to enter in this if condition in the next cycle)
  }
  /*
    // Print data to built-in Serial
    Serial.print("1: ");   Serial.print(Feedback.cmd1);
    Serial.print(" 2: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.cmd2);
    Serial.print(" 3: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.speedR);
    Serial.print(" 4: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.speedL);
    Serial.print(" 5: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.speedR_meas);
    Serial.print(" 6: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.speedL_meas);
    Serial.print(" 7: ");  Serial.print(Feedback.batVoltage);
    Serial.print(" 8: ");  Serial.println(Feedback.boardTemp);
  } else {
    Serial.println("Non-valid data skipped");
  }*/

  // Update previous states
  sread.incomingBytePrev = sread.incomingByte;

  return _result; //new data was available
}

  // ########################## SETUP ##########################
void setup() 
{

  Serial.begin(SERIAL_BAUD); //Debug and Program

  Serial1.begin(SERIAL_LOG_BAUD); //TX1=1, RX1=0

  Serial2.begin(SERIAL_CONTROL_BAUD); //control, TX2=10, RX2=9
  Serial3.begin(SERIAL_CONTROL_BAUD); //control, TX3=8, RX3=7

  pinMode(PIN_THROTTLE, INPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_BRAKE, INPUT);
  pinMode(PIN_START, INPUT_PULLUP);

  pinMode(PIN_LED_START, OUTPUT); //Active High
  digitalWrite(PIN_LED_START,HIGH);
  pinMode(PIN_MODE_LEDG, OUTPUT); //Active Low
  digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDG,LOW);
  pinMode(PIN_MODE_LEDR, OUTPUT); //Active Low
  digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDR,LOW);

  pinMode(PIN_LATCH_ENABLE, OUTPUT);
  digitalWrite(PIN_LATCH_ENABLE,HIGH); //latch on
  pinMode(PIN_MODE_SWITCH, INPUT_PULLUP);
}


unsigned long loopmillis;
// ########################## LOOP ##########################
void loop() {
  loopmillis=millis(); //read millis for this cycle

  bool newData2=ReceiveSerial(SerialcomFront,FeedbackFront, NewFeedbackFront, Serial2);
  bool newData3=ReceiveSerial(SerialcomRear,FeedbackRear, NewFeedbackRear, Serial3);

  
  if (loopmillis - last_adcread > ADCREADPERIOD) {
    //read teensy adc and filter
    last_adcread=loopmillis;
    uint16_t throttle_raw = analogRead(PIN_THROTTLE);
    throttle_pos=max(0,min(1000,map(throttle_raw,calib_throttle_min,calib_throttle_max,0,1000))); //map and constrain
    uint16_t brake_raw = analogRead(PIN_BRAKE);
    brake_pos=max(0,min(1000,map(brake_raw,calib_brake_min,calib_brake_max,0,1000))); //map and constrain

    int16_t throttlebreak_pos = throttle_pos-brake_pos*2; //reduce throttle_when applying brake
    throttle_pos=constrain(throttlebreak_pos,0,1000);
    brake_pos=constrain(-throttlebreak_pos/2,0,1000); //rescale brake value from throttlebreak_pos

    //Serial.print(throttle_raw); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(brake_raw); Serial.print(", ");
    //Serial.print(throttle_pos); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(brake_pos); Serial.println();

    if (digitalRead(PIN_MODE_SWITCH)) { //pushed in, also high if cable got disconnected
      throttle_pos/=2;
      digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDG,LOW); //Green, low is on
      digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDR,HIGH);
    }else{ //button not pushed in
      digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDG,HIGH);
      digitalWrite(PIN_MODE_LEDR,LOW); //Red
    }
    
  }

  #define FEEDBACKRECEIVETIMEOUT 500
  if ( (loopmillis > motorparamsFront.millis+FEEDBACKRECEIVETIMEOUT) | (loopmillis > motorparamsRear.millis+FEEDBACKRECEIVETIMEOUT) ) { //timeout of at least one controller
    throttle_pos=0;
    brake_pos=0;
    controllers_connected=false;
  }else if(!controllers_connected) { //not timeouted but was before
    controllers_connected=true;
    writeLogHeader(Serial1); //connection recovered, write log header
  }
  

  if (newData2) {
    motorparamsFront.cur_pos++;
    motorparamsFront.cur_pos%=CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE;
    motorparamsFront.curL_DC[motorparamsFront.cur_pos] = FeedbackFront.curL_DC;
    motorparamsFront.curR_DC[motorparamsFront.cur_pos] = FeedbackFront.curR_DC;
    motorparamsFront.millis=loopmillis;
    log_update=true;
  }
  if (newData3) {
    motorparamsRear.cur_pos++;
    motorparamsRear.cur_pos%=CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE;
    motorparamsRear.curL_DC[motorparamsRear.cur_pos] = FeedbackRear.curL_DC;
    motorparamsRear.curR_DC[motorparamsRear.cur_pos] = FeedbackRear.curR_DC;
    motorparamsRear.millis=loopmillis;
    log_update=true;
  }

  if (loopmillis - last_send > SENDPERIOD) {
    //Calculate motor stuff and send to motor controllers
    last_send=loopmillis;

    int16_t cmdreduce_constant=map(brake_pos,0,1000,0,10); //reduce cmd value every cycle
    #define MAXBREAKCURRENT 5
    float brakepedal_current_multiplier=MAXBREAKCURRENT/1000.0; //how much breaking (in Ampere) for unit of brake_pos (0<=brake_pos<=1000)

    float freewheel_current=0.1+brake_pos*brakepedal_current_multiplier; //above which driving current cmd send will be reduced more. increase value to decrease breaking. values <0 increases breaking above freewheeling
    float freewheel_break_factor=500.0; //speed cmd units per amp per second. 1A over freewheel_current decreases cmd speed by this amount (in average)
    motorparamsFront.filtered_curL=filterMedian(motorparamsFront.curL_DC)/50.0; //in Amps
    motorparamsFront.filtered_curR=filterMedian(motorparamsFront.curR_DC)/50.0; //in Amps
    motorparamsRear.filtered_curL=filterMedian(motorparamsRear.curL_DC)/50.0; //in Amps
    motorparamsRear.filtered_curR=filterMedian(motorparamsRear.curR_DC)/50.0; //in Amps

    float filtered_currentFront=min(motorparamsFront.filtered_curL,motorparamsFront.filtered_curR);
    float filtered_currentRear=min(motorparamsRear.filtered_curL,motorparamsRear.filtered_curR);

    filtered_currentAll=min(filtered_currentFront,filtered_currentRear);

    if (throttle_pos>=last_cmd_send) { //accelerating
      cmd_send = throttle_pos; //if throttle higher than apply throttle directly
    }else{ //freewheeling or braking
      if (filtered_currentAll<freewheel_current) { //drive current too high
        cmd_send-= max(0, (-filtered_currentAll+freewheel_current)*freewheel_break_factor*(SENDPERIOD/1000.0)); //how much current over freewheel current, multiplied by factor. reduces cmd_send value
      }
      cmd_send-=max(1,cmdreduce_constant); //reduce slowly anyways
      cmd_send=constrain(cmd_send,0,1000);
    }

    if (!controllers_connected) { //controllers not connected
      cmd_send=0; //safety off
    }

    last_cmd_send=cmd_send;

    //apply throttle command to all motors
    motorparamsFront.cmdL=cmd_send;
    motorparamsFront.cmdR=cmd_send;
    motorparamsRear.cmdL=cmd_send;
    motorparamsRear.cmdR=cmd_send;

    if (controllers_connected) {
      SendSerial(CommandFront,motorparamsFront.cmdL,motorparamsFront.cmdR,Serial2);
      SendSerial(CommandRear,motorparamsRear.cmdL,motorparamsRear.cmdR,Serial3);

      log_update=true;
      //Serial.print(cmd_send); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(throttle_pos); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(filtered_curFL*1000); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(filtered_curFR*1000); Serial.print(", "); Serial.print(filtered_currentAll*1000);  Serial.println()
    }
    
  }

  
  if (log_update && loopmillis>last_log_send+LOGMININTERVAL) {
    last_log_send=loopmillis;
    log_update=false;
    writeLog(Serial1,loopmillis, motorparamsFront,motorparamsRear, FeedbackFront, FeedbackRear, filtered_currentAll, throttle_pos, brake_pos);
  }
}

int sort_desc(const void *cmp1, const void *cmp2) //compare function for qsort
{
  float a = *((float *)cmp1);
  float b = *((float *)cmp2);
  return a > b ? -1 : (a < b ? 1 : 0);
}

float filterMedian(int16_t* values) {
  float copied_values[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE];
  for(int i=0;i<CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE;i++) {
    copied_values[i] = values[i]; //TODO: maybe some value filtering/selection here
  }
  float copied_values_length = sizeof(copied_values) / sizeof(copied_values[0]);
  qsort(copied_values, copied_values_length, sizeof(copied_values[0]), sort_desc);

  float mean=copied_values[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE/2];
  for (uint8_t i=1; i<=CURRENT_MEANVALUECOUNT;i++) {
    mean+=copied_values[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE/2-i]+copied_values[CURRENT_FILTER_SIZE/2+i]; //add two values around center
  }
  mean/=(1+CURRENT_MEANVALUECOUNT*2);

  return mean;
}



void writeLogHeader(HardwareSerial &SerialRef) {
  SerialRef.print("time,cmd_FrontL,cmd_FrontR,cmd_RearL,cmd_RearR,");
  SerialRef.print("current_FrontL,current_FrontR,current_RearL,current_RearR,");
  SerialRef.print("speed_FrontL,speed_FrontR,speed_RearL,speed_RearR,");
  SerialRef.print("temp_Front,temp_Rear,vbat_Front,vbat_Rear,");
  SerialRef.println("currentAll,throttle,brake");
}

void writeLog(HardwareSerial &SerialRef, unsigned long time, MotorParameter &mpfront, MotorParameter &mprear, SerialFeedback &fbfront, SerialFeedback &fbrear, float currentAll, int16_t throttle, int16_t brake)
{
  SerialRef.print(time/1000.0,3); SerialRef.print(","); //time in seconds
  SerialRef.print(mpfront.cmdL); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(mpfront.cmdR); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(mprear.cmdL); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(mprear.cmdR); SerialRef.print(",");

  SerialRef.print(-mpfront.filtered_curL,3); SerialRef.print(","); //invert. positive current is drive current
  SerialRef.print(-mpfront.filtered_curR,3); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(-mprear.filtered_curL,3); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(-mprear.filtered_curR,3); SerialRef.print(",");

  SerialRef.print(-fbfront.speedL_meas); SerialRef.print(","); //invert speed, because left wheels are negated
  SerialRef.print(fbfront.speedR_meas); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(-fbrear.speedL_meas); SerialRef.print(","); //invert speed, because left wheels are negated
  SerialRef.print(fbrear.speedR_meas); SerialRef.print(",");

  SerialRef.print(fbfront.boardTemp/10.0); SerialRef.print(","); //in degC
  SerialRef.print(fbrear.boardTemp/10.0); SerialRef.print(","); //in degC
  SerialRef.print(fbfront.batVoltage/100.0); SerialRef.print(","); //in V
  SerialRef.print(fbrear.batVoltage/100.0); SerialRef.print(","); //in V

  SerialRef.print(-currentAll,3); SerialRef.print(","); //invert. positive current is drive current
  SerialRef.print(throttle); SerialRef.print(",");
  SerialRef.print(brake); SerialRef.println();
}